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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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1994-03-25
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<text id=91TT1089>
<title>
May 20, 1991: "Love Canals In The Making"
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
May 20, 1991 Five Who Could Be Vice President
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 51
"Love Canals in the Making"
</hdr><body>
<p>Pollution along the Mexican border is a growing health hazard
and a hindrance to U.S. efforts to forge a free-trade pact
</p>
<p> In many places, you can smell the border before you see it.
Some days an acrid brown cloud hangs over the city of El Paso in
the U.S. and nearby Ciudad Juarez in Mexico, blotting out office
buildings and the surrounding mountains. A fetid creek called
the Nogales Wash carries raw sewage from shantytowns south of
the border to Nogales, Ariz. In Matamoros, just across the Rio
Grande from Brownsville, Texas, children and dogs play along
ditches that are coated with an iridescent slick of aromatic
chemicals, many of which are known or suspected carcinogens.
"These are Love Canals in the making," says Guillermina
Valdes-Villalva, director of a research institute in Tijuana.
</p>
<p> Over the past 10 years nearly 2,000 foreign-owned factories--most of them the property of U.S. corporations--have sprung up
along the Mexican side of the 3,200-km (2,000-mile) border.
Attracted by low wages and lax pollution laws, these assembly
plants, or maquiladoras, have drawn thousands of Mexicans into
already crowded border cities, overwhelming meager municipal
services and turning much of the region into a cesspool--and a
major foreign policy headache for the Bush Administration.
</p>
<p> The key to the border region's explosive growth is an
experimental free-trade zone created in the 1960s for
foreign-owned companies wishing to assemble products for the
U.S. market. Parts brought into the zone are exempt from Mexican
duties, and finished products sent back to the U.S. are taxed
only on the value added by cut-rate Mexican labor. Now the
Administration is asking Congress for free rein in negotiating
a landmark agreement that would extend the duty-free zone to all
of Mexico. The issue, which is set for a crucial vote by June
1, has run into fierce opposition from American labor unions,
which fear it will cost their members thousands of high-paying
jobs.
</p>
<p> The opponents of the free-trade pact have embraced the
concerns of environmental groups, who say that without strict
safeguards, the measure would be an invitation for U.S.
companies to export their most polluting factories to Mexico.
That is just what's happening now in the border region,
according to a report issued last week by the National Toxic
Campaign Fund, a Boston-based environmental organization. In
spot samples taken near Mexican industrial parks, scientists
found evidence that 75% of the sites were discharging toxic
chemicals directly into public waterways. Measurements taken
near one plant owned by General Motors showed concentrations of
xylene, a toxic solvent, 6,300 times as high as the standard for
U.S. drinking water. An employee told the N.T.C.F. that the
company regularly pours untreated solvents right down the drain.
GM disputes the findings.
</p>
<p> The American and Mexican governments are working hard to
assuage environmentalists' fears. Mexico has closed nine
maquiladoras since mid-March, and President Bush last month
promised to pursue high-level environmental initiatives with
President Carlos Salinas. But both administrations have a record
of passing tough pollution laws and then failing to enforce
them. If they want their promises to protect the rest of
Mexico's environment taken seriously, they should begin by
cleaning up the mess that has already been made.
</p>
<p> By Philip Elmer-DeWitt. Reported by Richard Woodbury/El
Paso
</p>
</body></article>
</text>